he study has been commissioned by the British Council. The British Council and HelpAge International collaborated to author the report.The British Council and HelpAge International gratefully acknowledge the contributions from Camilla Williamson, Syed Moeez, and Waqas Qureshi. Appreciation is also extended to Olivia Swindale, Catherine Sinclair Jones, and Hamna Asif for their support throughout the research. Last but not least, the support and insights provided by the respondents of the survey and qualitative interviews are also gratefully acknowledged. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the British Council and HelpAge International.